Backward vs. Backwards – Which is Correct?
The words “backward” and “backwards” often create confusion in usage, particularly in American English. While their meanings are similar and both refer to something that is directed or moving toward the rear or behind, “backward” is generally preferred in American English, whereas “backwards” is more commonly accepted in British English. Understanding the context in which to use each word can clarify their usage in writing and speech.
Backward or Backwards – Which is Correct?
In American English, “backward” is the correct term, while “backwards” is considered acceptable in British English. When writing in an American context, it is best to use “backward” to align with standard conventions. However, both can be used interchangeably in some contexts without significantly altering the meaning.
| Word | When to Use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Backward | Used in American English; signifies moving toward the rear. | He walked backward to avoid the obstacle. |
| Backwards | Accepted in British English; indicates the same movement as “backward.” | She always looked backwards while riding her bike. |
How to Use Backward
To use “backward” correctly, it can function both as an adjective and an adverb in American English. It describes a direction or manner of motion that maintains a rearward focus.
Example 1: The car moved backward safely out of the driveway.
Example 2: His backward approach to solving the problem proved effective.
Example 3: She took one step backward to get a better view.
What are the different forms of Backward?
“Backward” primarily exists in these forms: as an adjective (e.g., “backward thinking”) and as an adverb (e.g., “move backward”). There are no other verb forms, as it is primarily descriptive.
Etymology of the word Backward
“Backward” originates from the Old English word “bæceweard,” where “bæc” means “back,” and “weard” means “toward.” This historical context aligns with modern usage, emphasizing movement toward the back.
How to Use Backwards
Example 1: The children ran backwards during the game.
Example 2: He took a few backwards steps to regain his balance.
Example 3: It felt strange as he looked backwards down the hill.
What are the different forms of Backwards?
“Backwards” exists primarily in two forms: as an adverb (e.g., “walk backwards”) and as a descriptive term (e.g., “backwards glance”). Like “backward,” it does not take on various tense forms.
Etymology of the word Backwards
“Backwards” is derived from the same roots as “backward,” with “back” meaning “the rear” and “wards” indicating directionality. It reflects a similar notion of movement toward the rear, more often emphasized in informal contexts.
Practice Exercises
- He unexpectedly realized he was walking __________.
- She held the phone __________ to capture the scene behind her.
- They decided to try the race __________ for a new experience.
- He learned to ride his bike moving __________.
- It’s important to check traffic before moving __________.
Answer Key
- backward
- backward
- backwards
- backward
- backward
Backward Synonyms
| Synonym | Definition |
|---|---|
| Rearward | Directed toward the back. |
| Back | At, to, or toward the rear. |
Backwards Synonyms
| Synonym | Definition |
|---|---|
| Reverse | Moving in or relating to a direction opposite to the usual. |
| Rearward | In the direction toward the back. |
Conclusion
While “backward” and “backwards” can be used interchangeably in some cases, “backward” is the preferred term in American English. Understanding these distinctions will enhance clarity in communication and writing.