Affect vs. Effect – Which is Correct?

Understanding the difference between “that” and “which” can significantly enhance the clarity of your writing. Both words are used as relative pronouns to introduce clauses, but they serve distinct purposes in the context of defining or non-defining clauses.

That or Which – Which is Correct?

Both “that” and “which” are correct, but they are not interchangeable. “That” is typically used for restrictive clauses, which provide essential information about the noun they modify. In contrast, “which” is used for non-restrictive clauses, which add extra information that can be omitted without changing the meaning of the sentence.

Word	When to Use	Example
That	Used for restrictive clauses, essential for meaning.	The book that I borrowed is fascinating.
Which	Used for non-restrictive clauses, providing additional information.	The book, which I borrowed from the library, is fascinating.

How to Use That

Use “that” to introduce a restrictive clause that is essential for understanding the meaning of the sentence.

Example 1: The car that I want is red.

Example 2: Any student that studies will pass the exam.

Example 3: The flowers that bloom in spring are beautiful.

What are the different forms of that?

“That” functions primarily as a pronoun and conjunction but does not have varied forms like verbs do.

Etymology of the word that

“That” originates from the Old English word “þæt,” which means “the” or “that.” Its usage has evolved but remained consistent in function over the centuries.

How to Use Which

Use “which” to introduce a non-restrictive clause that adds extra information to the sentence, typically set off by commas.

Example 1: The car, which I want, is red.

Example 2: The exam, which everyone studied for, was challenging.

Example 3: The flowers, which bloom in spring, are beautiful.

What are the different forms of which?

Etymology of the word which

“Which” comes from the Old English word “hwilc,” meaning “which” or “what.” This word has been used in various forms since the early Germanic languages.

Practice Exercises

1. Do you know the book ___ is on the table?
2. The car ___ he bought is very fast.
3. The painting, ___ was created by a local artist, is beautiful.
4. The report ___ was submitted yesterday was excellent.
5. My dog, ___ loves to play fetch, is very energetic.

Answer Key

1. that
2. that
3. which
4. that
5. which

That Synonyms

Synonym	Definition
Who	Used for people in relative clauses.
Which	Used for animals or things in non-restrictive clauses.

Which Synonyms

Synonym	Definition
What	Used to inquire about a specific thing.
Who	Used for people in relative clauses.

Conclusion

In summary, “that” and “which” serve different grammatical functions in sentences. Understanding when to use each can improve the precision of your writing and ensure clarity for your readers.