Handicap vs. Handicapped – Which is Correct?

While both “handicap” and “handicapped” are grammatically valid, their correct usage depends on context and modern sensibilities. “Handicap” functions as a noun for a disadvantage or barrier, or a verb meaning to impede. “Handicapped” is an adjective describing someone affected by a handicap, but contemporary language strongly favors person-first terms like “person with a disability” to promote respect and avoid defining individuals by their condition.

Handicap or Handicapped – Which is Correct?

The core distinction between handicap and handicapped lies in their grammatical function and the nuance of their meaning, especially when referring to people. Handicap is primarily a noun, referring to a disadvantage, an impediment, or a barrier. It can also function as a verb, meaning to hinder or to put at a disadvantage. Handicapped, on the other hand, is an adjective or a past participle used to describe someone or something affected by a handicap. While grammatically correct, using “handicapped” to refer to people is largely considered outdated and less respectful in modern discourse, with “person with a disability” being the preferred person-first alternative.

The Best Trick to Remember the Difference

To remember the difference, think about the part of speech and what each word describes.

• Handicap: Think of it as the thing (noun) or the action (verb). It’s the obstacle, the disadvantage, or the act of creating one. Example: “The lack of accessible ramps was a handicap.”
• Handicapped: Think of it as how someone is described (adjective). If you’re describing a person, consider if you’re using person-first language. If you’re describing an object (like a parking space), it’s the descriptor. Example: “The handicapped parking space was available.” (But for a person: “a person with a disability.”)

A simple “Swap Test” can also help: Can you replace it with “disadvantage” (noun) or “to disadvantage” (verb)? Use handicap. Can you replace it with “disabled” (adjective)? Use handicapped, but be mindful of modern usage for people.

Word	Part of Speech	Meaning	Example
handicap	Noun, Verb	A disadvantage or barrier; to impede or disadvantage	The outdated software was a significant handicap to productivity.
handicapped	Adjective	Affected by a physical or mental disability (often considered outdated for people)	She parked in the designated handicapped spot.

How to Use Handicap

The word handicap is versatile, functioning both as a noun and a verb. As a noun, it refers to a disadvantage, an impediment, or a barrier that makes achievement difficult. This can apply to individuals, groups, or even systems. In sports, particularly golf, a “handicap” is a numerical measure of a player’s ability, used to equalize competition. As a verb, “to handicap” means to hinder, impede, or place at a disadvantage. In modern usage, there’s a growing emphasis on using “handicap” to describe systemic or environmental barriers rather than an individual’s condition.

Example 1: The lack of accessible public transportation presented a significant handicap for residents with mobility issues.

Example 2: Poor planning will inevitably handicap the project’s progress and budget.

Example 3: Despite his high handicap in golf, he managed to win the amateur tournament.

What are the different forms of handicap?

As a noun, handicap has a plural form:

• Singular: handicap
• Plural: handicaps

As a regular verb, handicap follows standard conjugation rules:

• Base form: handicap
• Third-person singular present: handicaps
• Present participle: handicapping
• Past tense: handicapped
• Past participle: handicapped

Etymology of the word handicap

The word “handicap” originated in the mid-17th century from the phrase “hand in cap.” This referred to a game of chance where participants drew lots from a cap to equalize conditions, often involving compensation or a penalty. Over time, it evolved to describe any disadvantage imposed to equalize a contest, and by the late 18th century, it began to be used more broadly for any disadvantage or impediment, particularly in sports.

How to Use Handicapped

Handicapped functions primarily as an adjective or a past participle. As an adjective, it describes a person or thing that is affected by a handicap. For instance, “handicapped parking” refers to parking spaces designated for individuals with disabilities. However, when referring to people, the term “handicapped” is widely considered outdated and less respectful in contemporary language. The strong preference in professional and empathetic communication is for person-first language, such as “person with a disability,” which emphasizes the individual before their condition. Using “handicapped” to describe a person can be perceived as defining them solely by their disability.

Example 1: The building was equipped with special ramps for handicapped access. (Referring to access features)

Example 2: She received a permit for handicapped parking. (Referring to a designated space)

Example 3: The charity provides support for handicapped children in developing countries. (While grammatically correct, “children with disabilities” is the preferred, more respectful phrasing.)

What are the different forms of handicapped?

As an adjective, handicapped does not typically have comparative or superlative forms (e.g., “more handicapped” is not standard usage). It serves as a descriptive adjective or a past participle derived from the verb “to handicap.” Its form remains consistent regardless of the number or gender of the noun it modifies.

• Adjective: handicapped
• Past Participle: handicapped (e.g., “The runner was handicapped by a sprained ankle.”)

Etymology of the word handicapped

The word “handicapped” evolved from the past participle of the verb “to handicap.” It began to be used as an adjective to describe a person affected by a handicap in the late 18th century. As the noun “handicap” broadened its meaning to include physical or mental disadvantages, “handicapped” became the descriptive term. Its usage has shifted significantly over time due to evolving social awareness and the promotion of inclusive language.

Related Concepts

Understanding broader linguistic and social concepts can help clarify the appropriate use of “handicap” and “handicapped.”

• Adjectives vs. Nouns: This fundamental grammatical distinction is key. Nouns (like “handicap”) name things, ideas, or conditions. Adjectives (like “handicapped”) describe or modify nouns. Recognizing these roles prevents misapplication.
• Person-First Language: This is a crucial concept in modern communication regarding disability. Person-first language emphasizes the individual, not their condition, by placing the person before the descriptor (e.g., “person with a disability” instead of “disabled person” or “handicapped person”). This shift promotes respect, dignity, and acknowledges that a person’s condition is just one aspect of their identity.

Examples from Media and Literature

• “The only real handicap in life is a bad attitude.” — Scott Hamilton (demonstrates “handicap” as a noun for a disadvantage)
• “Lack of education can be a significant handicap in the job market.” — News Article (demonstrates “handicap” as a systemic barrier)
• “The new rules were designed to handicap larger teams, creating a more even playing field for smaller competitors.” — Sports Commentary (demonstrates “handicap” as a verb)
• “Many older public buildings still struggle with accessibility issues, often lacking ramps or elevators for handicapped individuals.” — Historical Account (illustrates past usage, though current preference would be “individuals with disabilities”)
• “The term ‘handicapped accessible’ is gradually being replaced by ‘wheelchair accessible’ or simply ‘accessible’ to align with person-first principles.” — Accessibility Guide (highlights the linguistic evolution)

Practice Exercises

Choose the correct word to complete the sentence.

1. The lack of funding proved to be a major _______ for the research team.
2. The severe weather will _______ outdoor activities for the rest of the day.
3. Many public restrooms now feature stalls designed for _______ individuals.
4. Her shyness was a social _______ that she worked hard to overcome.
5. The sign indicated a reserved parking spot for the _______.

Answer Key

1. handicap
2. handicap
3. handicapped (While grammatically correct here, “individuals with disabilities” is the preferred person-first language.)
4. handicap
5. handicapped (Referring to the area, though “accessible parking” is often preferred.)

Handicap Synonyms

Synonym	Definition
Disadvantage	An unfavorable circumstance or condition.
Impediment	A hindrance or obstruction in doing something.
Hindrance	A thing that provides resistance, delay, or obstruction to something or someone.
Obstacle	A thing that blocks one’s way or prevents or hinders progress.
Barrier	A fence or other obstacle that prevents movement or access.

Handicapped Synonyms

Synonym	Definition
Disabled	Having a physical or mental condition that limits movements, senses, or activities. (Often preferred over “handicapped” when used as an adjective for people, though “person with a disability” is ideal.)
Impaired	Weakened or damaged, especially in a bodily or mental function.
Challenged	Used in euphemistic phrases referring to people with disabilities, e.g., “physically challenged.” (Often considered less direct and sometimes patronizing.)
Restricted	Limited in movement or action.

Frequently Asked Questions

Question 1: Is “handicapped” an offensive term?
While not inherently offensive in all historical contexts, “handicapped” is now largely considered outdated and less respectful when referring to individuals. Modern etiquette and professional guidelines strongly advocate for person-first language, such as “person with a disability,” to emphasize the individual’s humanity over their condition.

Question 2: Can “handicap” be used as a verb?
Yes, “handicap” can be used as a verb, meaning to hinder, impede, or place at a disadvantage. For example, “The new regulations will handicap small businesses.” It also refers to the act of assigning a handicap in sports like golf.

Question 3: What is the difference between “handicap” and “disability”?
A “disability” refers to a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities. A “handicap,” in the modern understanding, often refers to a barrier or disadvantage imposed by society or the environment, rather than the individual’s condition itself. For instance, a person might have a disability, but poorly designed architecture creates a handicap for them.

Conclusion

Understanding the distinction between handicap and handicapped is essential for precise and respectful communication. While “handicap” correctly functions as a noun for a barrier or a verb meaning to impede, “handicapped” as an adjective for a person is largely superseded by person-first language. Embracing terms like “person with a disability” reflects a commitment to dignity and inclusivity.

Pro Tip: Always prioritize person-first language when referring to individuals with disabilities. This demonstrates professionalism, empathy, and an awareness of evolving linguistic standards, significantly enhancing your reputation as a respectful and informed communicator.